Aesops Fable of the Bundle of Sticks Unity Is Strength

An old man had a set of quarrelsome sons, always fighting with one another.  On the point of death, summoned his sons around him to give them some parting advice. He ordered his servants to bring in a bundle of sticks wrapped together. To his eldest son, he commanded, Break it. The son strained and strained, but with all his efforts was unable to break the bundle. Each son in turn tried, but none of them was successful. Untie the bundle, said the father, and each of you take a stick. When they had done so, he called out to them: Now, break, and each stick was easily broken. You see my meaning, said their father. Individually, you can easily be conquered, but together, you are invincible. Union gives strength. History of the Fable Aesop, if he existed, was a slave in the seventh century Greece. According to Aristotle, he was born in Thrace. His fable of the Bundle of Sticks, also known as the Old Man and His Sons, was well known in Greece. It spread to Central Asia as well, where it was attributed to the Genghis Khan. Ecclesiastes picked up the moral in his proverbs, 4:12 (King James Version) And if one prevail against him, two shall withstand him; and a threefold cord is not quickly broken. The concept was translated visually by the Etruscans, who passed it along to the Romans, as the fasces—a bundle of rods or spears, sometimes with an axe in their midst. The fasces as a design element would find its way to the original design of the U.S. dime and the podium in the U.S. House of Representatives, not to mention the Italian Fascist Party; the flag of the borough of Brooklyn, New York; and the Knights of Columbus. Alternate Versions The old man in the fable as told by Aesop was also known as a Scythian king and 80 sons. Some versions present the sticks as spears. In the 1600s, the Dutch  economist Pieter de la Court popularized the story with a farmer and his seven sons; that version came to supersede Aesops in Europe. Interpretations De la Courts version of Aesops story is prefaced with the proverb Unity makes strength, strife wastes, and this conception came to influence the American and British trade union movements. A common depiction on the banners of trade unions in Britain was a man kneeling to break a bundle sticks, contrasted with a man successfully breaking a single stick.

Punishment Forms and Functions Essay - 1345 Words

In a contemporary society where crime takes place we expect the state authority to dispense justice in the form of punishment to maintain social solidarity. There are many forms of punishment that can be given to an offender, each with their own functions for the offender and society itself. Imprisonment is one of the most widely used forms of punishments globally, the ideology of imprisonment globally tends to remain the same. There are several functions of imprisonment and whether it is an effective method of punishment is widely argued by sociologist. To remove the offender from society, as to keep society safe is one function that stands out, by putting the offender in a high security environment you take away their freedom to commit†¦show more content†¦This form of punishment works based on the idea of giving young people who have committed the change to go through a programme or carry on with their sentence. This form of punishment works based on the idea of deterrence as mentioned in item B, which in the case of this form of punishment where it is heavily applied it is successful proven by the low rates of reoffending after graduation from correctional facilities. However it can be argued it’s difficult to prove the effectiveness of deterrence, because only the offenders who weren’t deterred by possible consequences of the actions will come to face the enforcement of the punishment, therefore it does not tell us why others do not offend. Making punishments based on deterrence is based on a key concept that offenders choose to obey or disobey the law having calculated the possible gains and consequences of their actions. It could be argued that all forms of punishment are based on deterrence, we have punishment to deter the public from committing crimes, and it forces society to conform. Over the many centuries that there have been prison systems there have been changes in the way offenders have been treated, one concept that is present in today’s prison system is the idea of rehabilitation, this is aiming to reform the offender to give them the support and skills they needs to be able to go back into society once they have servedShow MoreRelatedForm and Function of the Colosseum1286 Words   |  6 PagesForm and Function of the Colosseum Colosseum is an example of a building in which its form and function are inextricably linked. To prove this, let us take a look at some of the orders, the wall-like structure and the vaults of the Colosseum as part of its form and functions. With reference to the Illustration Book Colour Plate 19,28,72,75,76 and 78, and Block 2 The Colosseum Figure 6.1 and 6.2, the Colosseum evidently uses five orders: ‘Doric’, ‘Tuscan’, ‘Ionic’Read MorePunishment Essay1120 Words   |  5 Pagesfor what punishment characterises. 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Most would agree with this statement - the wicked must surely be punished (or should they? - do two wrongs make a right?) but why is it so important that the punishment must be seen to be done? To the utilitarian the answer is simple - punishment must be witnessed in order to deter others from committing the same act. Thus, to a utilitarian the perception of punishment is seen as the main

Due to massive consumption of alcohol in Australia Free Samples

Question: What Is The Due To Massive Consumption Of Alcohol In Australia? Answer: Introducation: Due to massive consumption of alcohol in Australia, the public health association of Australia came up with an alcohol policy in 2016.The policy is one of the health policies which is purposely meant to regulate the use of alcohol among the citizens of Australia. The public health association of Australia offers support to a comprehensive to prevention, research, support services and treatment to decrease the amount of alcohol used. The policy will continue to support and provide adequate resources to conduct a comprehensive, evidence-based approach aiming prevention and reduction of harm which alcohol cause to the users (Wilson et al., 2014). The policy targets to control the price of alcohols, its reliability and also its marketing. The policy aims to fund and bring awareness to the people through media and government agencies. It also concentrates on the reduction of drinking hours so that it will curb the number of individuals drinking alcohol. The exposure to children is also a big concern which the policy aims to address to avoid alcohol harm on children. Pregnant mothers are also the primary target where they are aimed to prevent the exposure of alcohol to the fetus. The policy got support from the society, and it has achieved most of its targets. Why this policy is necessary for health The alcohol policy in Australia is important policy to health. Consumption of alcohol causes disturbances in the balance of the body. One will not be in position control the body hence he/she will walk out of control and possibly, one might fall into dangerous holes, river or even crashed by a vehicle leading to death. Also, due to or judgment brought by the use of alcohol, drivers in roads put themselves at high health risk because they lose control and cause a fatal accident (Livingston et al., 2013) The extreme drinking and use of alcohol cause a mental problem called psychosis. It is where the hallucinations develop. When such heavy drinker stops drinking alcohol, the psychotic symptoms develops and results to delirium. The heavy drinking of alcohol reduces the number of oxygen-carrying RBCs; a condition called anaemia. The issue triggers some symptoms such as lightness, fatigue and short of breath. However, alcohol consumption is well known to cause cancer risks. These risk threats come in when the body system converts alcohol potential carcinogen called acetaldehyde. The areas which are linked to cancer include pharynx, mouth, oesophagus, breast and larynx. Heavy drinking of alcohol leads to clumping of the platelets which can result in heart attack. Studies which have been done indicate that the binge drinking of alcohol results to two-fold death risks in individuals who survived the heart attack. Cardiomyopathy also is caused by heavy drinking of alcohol (DiClemente et al., 2013). It is a condition which the heart muscles weakened and became faulty leading to heart rhythm abnormalities like the arterial fibrillation. Due to arterial fibrillation, the upper chambers of the heart became defective and will likely to cause blood clots resulting in stroke Alcohol is very toxic chemical to the cells of the liver. Due to heavy drinking, the drinkers developed cirrhosis. The condition scarred liver making it unable to function. The increase in age leads to leads to shrinking of brains at an average of 1.9% in per decade. It is a normal thing but exercises drinking of alcohol speeds shrinkage of some crucial parts of the human brain which results in dementia and loss in memory (Gao, et al., 2014). However, alcohol drinking causes the deficit in the capability to plan and make correct judgments and do some duties that have the high order abilities; therefore, alcohol drinkers do not possess the capacity to maximize the standard functions. Furthermore, alcohol drinking results to nutritional deficiencies which have the high potential of triggering dementia. The use of alcohol is detrimental to our health because it causes depression contrary to some theories which point the other way round. Due to inability to plan well the resources which drinkers have, they end up misusing them and eventually lead to depression which can cause strokes. Epilepsy has been associated with alcohol consumption (World Health Organization, 2014).However, it can results to seizures even in individuals who do not use alcohol. Also, it can obstruct the medications used to treat convulsions. Gout is a painful condition which results from the development of uric crystals within the joints. Some cases of gout are hereditary, but alcohol consumption aggravates the existing instances of gout. Prolonged use of alcohol causes disruption in the sympathetic nervous system meant for constriction and dilation of the blood vessels when responding to external conditions. Heavy use of alcohol specifically bingeing aggravates blood pressure. Chronic hypertension causes kidney failure, stroke and cardiovascular diseases. Use of alcohol had been associated with an implication of the immune system making the body susceptible to infection such as pneumonia, TB and some sexually transmitted diseases (Wetherill Tapert, 2013). Heavy drinkers of alcohol are likely to engage in unprotected sex. Among other effects of alcohol are nerve damage and pancreatitis. How the policy could be implemented Alcohol policy in Australia can be implemented using different channels. The government should reform the taxation card of the wine equalization tax, and the volumetric taxation should be removed in all alcohol products. The tax should be increased in goods which have higher volumes of alcohol through complementation by minimum cost per standard drink. Government regulation is needed to execute the independent controls of all kinds of alcohol promotion and advertising by concentrating on protecting on young population from exposure (O'donnellet al., 2014). However, the alcohol adverts in all media houses should be aired in late hours to avoid young generation from getting the message behind the use of alcohol. Guidelines in the on the outlet's density of alcohol and the trading times should be established (Scott et al., 2016). The cohesive regulation among liquor licensing bodies should be developed and also the government and planning departments should offer support to the strategi es aimed at minimizing the alcohol hazards. The laws regulating liquor should first consider public health as a crucial part and come up with a proactive approached in preventing the risks brought by alcohol. The health agencies should offer awareness programs across the country to make sure that people get to know the adverse effects of alcohol in their lives. However, all learning institution should incorporate the consequences of alcohol use in their syllabus to ensure students get informed about the effects of alcohol consumption. The idea will form a foundation for making sure that the future generation is well informed on the implications posed by the use of alcohol (Scott et al., 2016). The government should enforce regulated labels warnings on the alcohol drinks aimed at increasing the awareness among the communities on the risks posed by excessive consumption of alcohol. The labels should be strategized in alcohol cans so that people can get the message well. They should use images which show parts of bodies that have been affected by alcohol to send a stern message to alcohol consumers on adverse effects of alcohol. Also, they should develop some programs such as warning labels on the fetal alcohol spectrum (O'donnell et al., 2014). Pregnant mothers should be thought during visits to clinic centers on the way consumption of alcohol can affect the unborn baby (Laslett et al., 2015). The government trough the ministry of public health should enhance their methods of collecting data on alcohol wholesales with an aim to support monitoring trends on the consumption of alcohol and hazards. They should also evaluate the interventions to reduce alcohol-related effects. The public health also should continue initiating and participating in the alcohol policy so that it will propose proper measures that pertain the health of people. It should also continue to work in national alliance for action on alcohol to continue providing the comprehensive approach for minimizing the hazards posed by alcohol. The packed liquor also called take away leads in the amounts of alcohol sold in Australia (Critchlow et al., 2016). The house outlet and also stores density should be banned to reduce the health risks to the consumers. Due to mushrooming of unlicensed brew in Australia, the government should improve its measures in ensuring that it curbs the unregulated alcohol businesses to avoid people from being sold alcohol products which might contain methanol poison. Furthermore, due to increasing deaths resulting from the use of alcohol, the Australian government should stop issuance of alcohol businesses licenses. References Critchlow, N., Moodie, C., Bauld, L., Bonner, A., Hastings, G. (2016). Awareness of, and participation with, digital alcohol marketing, and the association with frequency of high episodic drinking among young adults.Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy,23(4), 328-336. DiClemente, R. J., Hansen, W. B., Ponton, L. E. (Eds.). (2013).Handbook of adolescent health risk behavior. Springer Science Business Media. Gao, C., Llyod, B., Ogeil, R. (2014).Alcohol's burden of disease in Australia. Laslett, A. M., Mugavin, J., Jiang, H., Manton, E., Callinan, S., MacLean, S., Room, R. (2015). The hidden harm: Alcohols impact on children and families.Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education.: Canberra. Livingston, M., Dietze, P., Ferris, J., Pennay, D., Hayes, L., Lenton, S. (2013). Surveying alcohol and other drug use through telephone sampling: a comparison of landline and mobile phone samples.BMC medical research methodology,13(1), 41. O'donnell, A., Anderson, P., Newbury-Birch, D., Schulte, B., Schmidt, C., Reimer, J., Kaner, E. (2014). The impact of brief alcohol interventions in primary healthcare: a systematic review of reviews.Alcohol and alcoholism,49(1), 66-78.Wilson, I. M., Graham, K., Taft, A. (2014). Alcohol interventions, alcohol policy and intimate partner violence: a systematic review.BMC public health,14(1), 881. Scott, S., Muirhead, C., Shucksmith, J., Tyrrell, R., Kaner, E. (2016). Does industry-driven alcohol marketing influence adolescent drinking behaviour? A systematic review.Alcohol and alcoholism. Wetherill, R., Tapert, S. F. (2013). Adolescent brain development, substance use, and psychotherapeutic change.Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,27(2), 393. World Health Organization. (2014).Global status report on alcohol and health 2014. World Health Organization.

Women In The Labour Force Essays (1061 words) - Sexism, Economy

Women In The Labour Force The past decades their has been a dramatic increase of women participating in the labour force from countries all over the world including Canada. In 1950, one Canadian worker in five was a woman. By 1980 this percentage had doubled, and women are expected to make up more than 44 percent of the labour force by the end of this century. The increase in female participation started occurring during the 1970's. This increase also caused the largest baby boom that the Canadian female labour force had ever witnessed. In North America it is common for women to have part-time or summer jobs, and the participation rate of teenage girls is high. It is also mostly high throughout the world in places as United Kingdom because of the fewer women going to school. But in places like France, Italy, and Japan the female participation rate is very low. In most of the countries the labour force is most participated in the age groups between 20 and 24. The labour force of mature women is very high in Sweden, because of the encouraged day care facilities which also provides the females with legislation that provides them with excellent benefits. In Japan there is a drop in female economic activity, the reason why is it affects their marriage and the care of their only child. An observation of labour force participation rates in Canada show that female rates rose a lot between 1971 and 1981, while the male rate rose unnoticeably. The increase in the female participation rate was found in all age groups except in older women. For women aged 15 to 19 the rate was as almost as high as the men. But the largest increase was in the age group of 25-44 years old, where the rate rose almost 50 percent. This meant that the participation rates of the females had become more alike with the men. Family status also influenced the female participation rate but later on during 1981 it had a more less affect than in 1971. According to statistics just over one quarter of married women with young children were working, but this later changed and grew by 76 percent over the a 10 year period of time. The rate also showed an increase of 47 percent for widowed, divorced, and separated women with children. However single women with young children showed a slight decrease. However the female participation rate is not so much related to family status as today as it was many years ago. During the period of 1971 through 1981 the involvement of married women went through a major change. Fewer women saw marriage as a reason to interrupt their participation in the job force, and couple tended to postpone having children or not having any at all. While women with young children tended to participate less in the labour market and quit their jobs more frequently than men. Females did the exact opposite of what men did when they had children while working, and in some cases were actually more stable than men without children. This showed that the couples attitude towards having children influenced a decrease in the female labour force participation rate. In 1981 most women spent an average of 1,247 hours a year working, compared with 1,431 hours in 1971 which had dropped about 15 percent. Even men saw their average hours decrease by 13 percent. Not only more women were working, more were working part-tim for only part of the year which meant more women on the unemployment rolls. In the 1960's the unemployment rate for females was 3 percent and ten years later increased to 7 percent. Since june 1982 the unemployment rate for men was 11-13 percent and the women's just above that rate which could also exceed that of the men near the end of the century. Only about 11 percent of women had part-time jobs because they couldn't find full-time employment or because they wished to spend more time to their education or their families, or for other reasons. Although 24 percent of the women working part-time would have preferred a full-time job if it had been available. According to the Statistics Canada study, in 1970 women were extremely poorly paid which showed a big earnings difference than the men. This started changing in the 1970's which rose the females earning to 51.2 percent of that of a man. Ten years later it had reached 54.4 percent. If it wasn't for the decrease in annual hours for the females the earnings difference would have been reduced even